Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list. Stelar evolution in pteridophytes ppt types of steles and its evolution in pteridophytes ppt what is stele. In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem containing the tissues derived from the procambium. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. In addition, in pteridophytes, the gametophyte is often very thin and can be unistratose, especially at the margins. Almost all important genera are discussed giving details of structure, anatomy, developmental stages of reproductive organs from different sections like bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnospersm. The evolution of stele in pteridophytes and higher plants. The term fern ally included under pteridophyta generally refers stellad vascular sporebearing plants that are not ferns, including lycopods, horsetails, whisk ferns and water ferns marsileaceaesalviniaceae and ceratopterisand even a much wider range of taxa. Types of stele and its evolution in pteridophytes youtube. Stele modification in pteridophyta a few with eustele ancestor had protostele. The primary components of stele are xylem and phloem.
Tissues like pericycle, medullary rays and pith are also the components of stele. You can download the ppt of this topic from our slideshare account. Phytochemical studies in pteridophytes growing in brazil. Be aware that some people use this term just to refer to ferns. A chemosystematic overview of pteridophytes and gymnosperms. In this course we are going to use the term pteridophyte to refer to nonseed vascular plants, i. O proposed by van tieghem and douliot in 1886 o major highlights in stellar theory are. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. Common between bryophytes and pteridophytes is a absence of sporophyte b gametophyte dependent on sporophyte c sporophyte dependent on gametophyte.
The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. A good portion of the image references used here tap fine image resources for nonflowering vascular plants. Therefore the pericycle xylem and phloem together is called stele. Pteridophytes transition to land megaphylls eusporangiate ferns. Phytochemical studies in brazilian pteridophytes soeder 1985 reported a large inventory of papers that appeared between 1966 and 1984 on the chemical constituents of pteridophytes. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved after. In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem containing the tissues derived. Besides having various medicinal properties, the pteridophytes are also employed for a variety of commercial and environmental purposes. In 168 species studied, phytoliths were diagnostic in 121 species, might be diagnostic in 34 species and not diagnostic in species. General characters and classification of pteridophytes ppt. And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the pteridophytes. Types of stele in pteridophytes and its evolution stele.
Pteridophyte reproduction christian brothers university. These include vascular tissue, in some cases ground tissue and a pericycle, which, if present, defines the outermost boundary of the stele. Single stele d ligulate leaf answer keys for pteridophytes mcq worksheet 2. You can download the ppt by clicking on the download link below the. As they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. Eichler 1883 divided the plant kingdom into cryptogamia and phanerogamia. They probably evolved from the green algae at about the same. As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates.
Pteridophytes tracheophytes without seeds division lycophyta. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. Stelar theory also says that the cortex and the stele are the two fundamental. View and download powerpoint presentations on pteridophytes ppt. Origin and evolution of stele in pteridophytes and higher plants. The stele and the leaf trace anatomy are unique among the ferns.
Besides xylem and phloem, it includes pith if present and is delimited from the cortex by the pericycle. According to the older botanists, the vascular bundle is the fundamental unit in the vascular system of pteridophytes. Pteridophytes constitute a significant and important group in the plant kingdom. International research botany group 2017 international botany project international research botany group international botany project non profit research institute research service botanical team recycled paper free for members of international equisetological association. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. Some of the species belonging to this division have small leaves called as the microphylls. Must eat cooked or steamed, not raw, although some people do eat fiddleheads raw and end up getting throat and gastric cancers. Endodermis is the boundary between cortex and stele. Status of pteridophytes india 500 species of ferns and 100 species of fern allies other than the order of fillicales are on record from india pteridophytic flora of india comprises of 67 families, 191 genera and more than species including 47 endemic indian ferns, and 414 species of pteridophytes 219 at risk, of which 160. Neet biology diversity in living world pteridophytes mcq worksheet 2. Stelar theory, components of stele, different types of steles in plants, protostele. The empirical basis of botanical systematics has been broadened far beyond the realm of macromorphological traits on which systematists have based their decisions for more than 200 years. Engler 1909 included the bryophyta and pteridophyta under embryophyta. Ebook an introduction to pteridophyta as pdf download.
Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. Pteridophyta objective type questions pdf download. Phytoliths of pteridophytes can provide important insights into past vegetations piperno, 2006. The stele may be prostele or siphonostele or solenostele. Paleobotany section deals with important fossil genera from pteridophytes and gymnospersm. Haeckel 1866 called these groups of plants as pteridophytes because of their pinnate or feather like fronds leaves. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. Most pictures are of living specimens taken in the field. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs.
Discuss the different types of stele found amoung pteridophytes. Download objective type questions of pteridophyta pdf visit our pdf store. Pdf evolution of stele in plants eranga thilina jayashantha. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds, roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. The current trends in the subject are explained in a simple, lucid and understandablewriting style.
Some other uses are ferns provide natural vegetation thats important to both wildlife and birds. In pteridophytes the stele is divided in to different type on the basis of arrangement of. The upright stalk bears a sporebearing, conelike structure strobilus at its tip. A textbook of bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and. Fiddleheads are the young furled coiled up heads of a young fern. Stele is a central vascular cylinder, with or without pith. The bryophytes are a group of simple land plants which in many ways are an evolutionary dead end. Among living plants, this type of stele is found only in the stems of ferns. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. Pteridophyte reproduction liverworts hornworts mosses to be cont. This author lists a total of 671 references, but only one work had been carried out in brazil miraglia et al. Outside the stele lies the endodermis, which is the innermost cell layer of the cortex. Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email. Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany.
Nov 12, 2014 types of stele in pteridophytes and its evolution. Extra stelar origin pith formed by outer cortical cells which entered inside through leaf gaps. Pdf stelar morphology and the primary vascular system of seed. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. Table 1 showed that 225 pteridophytic species have been studied and phytoliths were detected in 168 species. The plant body can be divided into a true root, stem, and leaves. The strobilus is composed of numerous scalelike sporophylls, each bearing sporangia in the axils. Pteridophyta mcq multiple choice question and answer pteridophyta mcq with detailed explanation for interview, entrance and competitive exams. Neet biology diversity in living world pteridophytes. Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. An introduction to pteridophyta top results of your surfing an introduction to pteridophyta start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader.
Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. The stele is defined as a central vascular cylinder, with or without pith. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length. Pteridophytes article about pteridophytes by the free. Type of stelar system in pteridophytes all part inside endodermis are called stele. Ferns, horsetails often treated as ferns, and lycophytes clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts are all pteridophytes. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. Various animals use the fronds as food while birds and small creatures use the plants for cover. Most of the pteridophytes ferns and fernallies show their luxuriant and vigorous growth during the rainy season particularly in the hilly regions usually above 1400 m altitude. Types of stelar system and its evolution in pteridophytes plant. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about pteridophytes ppt. In this article we will discuss about the classification of pteridophytes. International research botany group 2017 international. The cryptogamia was further divided into thallophyta. Herbarium specimens from the university and jepson herbaria at the university of california at berkeley were used when field pictures were not available. The entire vascular cylinder of the primary axis of pteridophytes is usually referred to as stele.
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